Pandemics & Society Webinar 12 February, “The COVID-19 experience in Denmark”.

masv on 9. February 2026

For the fourth Pandemics & Society Seminar of our Spring 2026 series we are pleased to welcome Lone Simonsen (PandemiX Center). The seminar will be held on Thursday, 12 February at the normal time (16:00 CEST). More information about our speaker and the presentation is below. You can sign up for email notifications about the seminar series, including the Zoom details, here.

About the talk:

When a new pandemic virus emerges in a naive population, the only control options are nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) until vaccines or effective treatments become available. Here, we report on the Danish suppression strategy and use of a combination of NPIs with a notable absence of extremely strict measures (such as stay-at-home orders). Only 7% of Danes were infected (serological evidence) in the first year of the pandemic, compared with 50% in Lombardy in the first wave alone. This low attack rate was accomplished by initial rapid intervention with a free-of-charge mass testing program beginning in October 2020, a strong digital data infrastructure, timely contact tracing and voluntary home isolation, real-time reporting of surveillance data, and a high degree of public trust. The individual contribution of each NPI to the pandemic control is difficult to assess; yet, evidence points to the mass testing program as being particularly effective in removing infected individuals from the pool. In January 2021, vaccines became available, and 96% of Danes over 50 years of age were vaccinated twice with an mRNA vaccine by summer. On February 1, 2022, while facing the Omicron variant and with the older adult newly boosted, Denmark became the first country to drop all NPIs. A few months later, 70% of the population had been infected with the Omicron variant, showing the SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential when unmitigated. Denmark was only close to intensive care unit capacity during the second wave in winter 2020-2021, when 5% of the population was infected. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the combined NPIs is evident due to the low ( < 10%) attack rate in the first two waves before vaccines became available, far from the experience of unmitigated COVID-19 in Lombardy in spring 2020, with a 50% attack rate and catastrophic levels of severe morbidity and mortality.

You can read the full paper here: A disease suppression strategy in action: The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark – ScienceDirect

About the speaker:

Lone Simonsen is a Professor of Population Health Sciences, at the Department of Science and Environment at Roskilde University. Her research is highly interdisciplinary and involves colleagues and methodologies from fields ranging from history to mathematics. Over the past 25 years she has worked internationally as an epidemiologist and researcher. She is the center leader of PandemiX Center of Excellence (Center for Interdisciplinary Study of Pandemic Signatures), supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF).

New CAS project: “Scarred people”

masv on 6. February 2026

Centre leader Mamelund has been awarded a NordIAS Visiting Fellowship from the Centre for Advanced Study in Oslo (CAS) to visit Tampere Institute for Advanced Study for three weeks in April. This visit will enhance rare academic collaboration and dialogue across Norway and Finland in the fields of mathematical pandemiology (Mamelund, Chowell, Gaddy, Raitoharju) and economic and social history of war (Peltola, Saaritsa, Gaddy, Taskinen).

The aim of the “Scarred people” project is to model excess all-cause spatial mortality in Tampere due to scarring events like the like typhoid epidemics in 1916, the Finnish civil war in 1918, Spanish flu in 1918-20, and unemployment during the Great Depression of the 1920s, using Serfling models and GIS.

The context of a civil war and pandemic in 1918 is especially interesting as it makes us able to tease out interactions of disease, crowding in prison camps, executions, and undernourishment. At the peak, there were almost 10 000 POWs at the camp in Tampere, compared to a normal city population of 45 000. Past scholars of the Spanish flu have hypothesized about the impacts of malnutrition on mortality during the pandemic, but malnutrition in 1918 generally happened in contexts in which high-quality data is not available. Using our collective expertise in disease modelling and the context of the Finnish civil war to study the experience of the pandemic in the POW camp will lead to a better understanding of the pandemic globally.

Our Finish partners have 1) individual cause-specific mortality data (650-800 deaths/year) with the possibility to link deaths to population and red guard membership data, as well as occupation, address, age, gender, and time at the prison camp; 2) weekly statistics of morbidity with causes in the city (in Finland, the city doctors had to report every case to the city health board); and 3) individual hospitalization records for the 1918-21 period from both the city hospitals (City archive) and the hospital in the prison camp (National archive). These latter data have not been collected yet, but we will discuss how to photograph and transcribe this data during the visit.

Expected contributions to Tampere IAS include 1) a workshop to set up data and discuss emerging findings; 2) Guest lectures by Mamelund at Tampere IAS and the Universities of Tampere and Helsinki; 3) Half day academic presentations for larger audience at Tampere; 4) Active participations in academic and social activities at the Tampere IAS, and Tampere and Helsinki universities; 5) Mentoring of students, including a Master student (Antti Puska) who is studying the Spanish flu in Tampere, 1918-1921; 6) An evaluation of the visit and the outcome of the visit to CAS Oslo; 7) Draft of at least one scientific journal article; 8) Collaborations on proposals for new research funding.

Collaborators at Tampere IAS and Tampere University:
1. Ilari Taskinen (Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Tampere University & previously at Tampere IAS 2023-25)
2. Emma Raitoharju (University Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University)

Collaborators at University of Helsinki:
3. Jarmo Peltola (Senior Research Fellow, Economic and Social History, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland)
4. Sakari Saaritsa (Professor of Social History, Director, Master’s Programme in Society and Change, Economic and and Social History, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Helsinki, Finland)

Affiliated collaborators:
6. Gerardo Chowell (Georgia State University).
7 Hampton Gaddy (LSE).

New guest researcher: Vitalie Ștîrba, Charles University in Prague

masv on 2. February 2026

Vitalie Ștîrba will be visiting PANSOC from 9 February to 13 March.

Ștîrba is a demographer and a PhD student in the Department of Demography and Geodemography at Charles University in Prague, where he study avoidable cancer mortality in European countries. His doctoral research focuses on the effects of cancer mortality on life expectancy dynamics, trends in leading preventable and treatable cancer sites, lung cancer mortality and tobacco control policies, and the role of multimorbidity in mortality trends among cancer patients.

Ștîrba has a bachelor’s degree in Geography, a master’s degree in Demography, and a master’s degree in Public Administration; His dissertations focused on population censuses, internal migration, and avoidable mortality. In recent years, Ștîrba has participated in several projects related to population forecasting, historical demography, and regional development in Moldova.

At PANSOC, Ștîrba is interested in collaborating with local researchers to exchange experiences, particularly by exploring how historical events shape the health of yearly cohorts, and learning new techniques in demographic analysis.

Pandemics & Society Webinar 5th February, “Why did the global mpox outbreak of 2022 fade out?”.

masv on 2. February 2026

For the third Pandemics & Society Seminar of our Spring 2026 series we are pleased to welcome Ulrik Hvid (PandemiX Center and the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen). The seminar will be held on Thursday, 5 February at the normal time (16:00 CEST). More information about our speaker and the presentation is below. You can sign up for email notifications about the seminar series, including the Zoom details, here.

Blurb:

Over the summer of 2022, an outbreak of clade IIb mpox swept the globe, but then seemed to fade as quickly as it had arrived. The disease was heavily concentrated among men who have sex with men and had a high comorbidity with HIV, indicating risky sexual behavior. What happened? Did the risk-group get immunized? Did the fear of infection lead risk groups into abstinence? Did the smallpox vaccine save us?

You can read the full paper here: Relationship dynamics and behavioral adaptations in the control of the 2022 mpox epidemic | PNAS

Bio:

Ulrik Hvid is a PhD student at the PandemiX Center and the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen. Trained in biophysics at the Niels Bohr Institute, he uses the methods of network science and complexity theory to understand the dynamics of disease spread.

Pandemics & Society Webinar 29th January, “Leveraging COVID-19 hospital data to strengthen decision making in future pandemics”.

masv on 26. January 2026

For the second Pandemics & Society Seminar of our Spring 2026 series we are pleased to welcome Lieke Fleur Heupink (Akershus University Hospital). The seminar will be held on Thursday, 29th January at the normal time (16:00 CEST). More information about our speaker and the presentation is below. You can sign up for email notifications about the seminar series, including the Zoom details, here.

About the talk

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted healthcare delivery globally, forcing hospital administrators to make difficult ad hoc decisions about postponing or cancelling elective care to ensure adequate capacity for COVID-19 patients. This resulted in missed care and increased waiting times for health services across many countries. While various data-driven models were developed during the pandemic to assist decision makers, most focussed on transmission dynamics and the potential effects from infection prevention and control measures. Although these models provided valuable insight into slowing the spread of disease – buying hospitals more time to prepare – they were not tailored to the unique contexts of individual hospitals. Leveraging facility-level data presents unique opportunities to provide hospital-specific predictions that administrators need for operational planning. This locally gathered hospital data can be used to build analytical models accounting for the diversity within their catchment areas. However, smaller sample sizes at the local level may introduce methodological challenges. Using COVID-19 data from a Norwegian hospital as case study, this research explores how hospital-level data can be utilized to develop tools that provide timely and actionable information to decision makers at individual hospitals, ultimately enhancing their preparedness during future pandemics.

About the Speaker

Lieke Fleur Heupink is a PhD researcher at the Health Service Research Department at Akershus University Hospital and the University of Oslo. She applies epidemiological and health economics methods to analyse COVID-19 data with the aim to strengthen hospital preparedness and response.

Pandemics & Society Webinar 22th January, “Lessons from the Pandemic: From Data to Defence”.

masv on 19. January 2026

For the first Pandemics & Society Seminar of our Spring 2026 series we are pleased to welcome Sanjay Gyawali (Akershus University Hospital). The seminar will be held on Thursday, 22th January at the normal time (1600 CEST). More information about our speaker and the presentation is below. You can sign up for email notifications about the seminar series, including the Zoom details, here.

About the talk

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant gaps in global preparedness. As we navigate the recovery phase, the risk of future pandemics remains one of the most pressing challenges to global safety. During the pandemic, a wide range of control measures were implemented worldwide, often with limited evidence of their effectiveness. In the project “Lessons from pandemic”, we investigate the effectiveness and impact of these measures—the key strategies employed by governments in response to the pandemic—from multiple perspectives through a comprehensive analysis of various sources of COVID-19 data from different regions in Norway. Our objective is to identify optimal strategies that mitigate health risks and minimize unnecessary social and economic burdens. Ultimately, we aim to transform the insights gained from the COVID-19 experience into actionable strategies that strengthen preparedness for future health crises. In my talk, I will present preliminary findings from this ongoing project.

About the Speaker

Sanjay Gyawali is a PhD candidate at the Health Services Research Unit (HØKH), Akershus University Hospital. Gyawali  has a background in epidemiology and has a Master of Philosophy (MPhil)  in Global Health from the University of Bergen. He is currently working on a project to prepare for the next pandemic. 

Spring 2026 seminar series

masv on 8. January 2026

We are pleased to release the schedule for our Spring 2026 seminar series. As in previous series, the seminar will be held via Zoom at 16.00 Central European Time on Thursdays.

To access the Zoom meetings, please join our mailing list here.

22 January: Sanjay Gyawali (Akershus University Hospital), “Lessons from the Pandemic: From Data to Defence”.

29 January: Lieke Fleur (Akershus University Hospital), “Leveraging COVID-19 hospital data to strengthen decision making in future pandemics”

5 February: Ulrik Hvid (Roskilde University), “Why did the global mpox outbreak of 2022 fade out?”

12 February: Lone Simonsen (Roskilde University), ”The COVID-19 experience in Denmark”.

26 February: Won-tak Joo (University of Florida), “Sex-Specific Impacts of In-Utero Exposure to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Longevity”

12 March: Nathaniel Darling (University of Cambridge), “Patterns of age-specific mortality during influenza pandemics: evidence for immune imprinting?”.

19 March: Abigail Dumes (University of Michigan), “Long COVID as Disability in Higher Education”.

2 April: Hamed Karami (Georgia State University), “The Hidden Impact of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis: Excess Burden, Inequalities, and Health System Disruptions”.

9 April: Raj Kumar Subedi (Georgia State University), “Poverty and Ethnic Patterns in COVID-19 Excess Mortality: Evidence from Chile, 2020-2022.

16 April: Michał B. Paradowski (University of Warsaw), “Emergency remote instruction during COVID-19 – insights from a 118-country study”.

23 April: Jarmo Peltola/Sakari Saaritsa (University of Helsinki), “Can’t Boil, Won’t Boil: Material Inequality, Information and Disease Avoidance during a Typhoid Epidemic in Tampere, Finland, in 1916”.

Ny kronikk: For meg er forskning en livsstil

masv on 2. January 2026

Debatten om “langsom” professor har “rast” i Krono de fem siste ukene av 2025. Her er ingressen til senterleder Mamelunds kronikk som bidrag disse diskusjonene: “For meg er forskning livsstil, det vil si at jeg ofte benytter fritiden til å forske og at jeg ikke ønsker sjefer som forteller meg at jeg skal logge av og jobbe mindre i julen”.

Her kan du lese kronikken: For meg er forskning en livsstil

Annual Report (2025)

masv on 1. January 2026

This is the fifth annual report for the Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society (PANSOC). As in previous years, we report here on our research mission and perspectives, projects and funding applications, the team and institutional collaborations, and outcomes/activities during 2025.

1. Short presentation of the Centre – research perspectives and main goals

PANSOC is an OsloMet Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) that conducts internationally innovative research on the societal, economic, and historical dimensions of pandemics. The Centre’s core mission remains to understand social and biological risk factors and inequalities—drawing lessons from both contemporary and historical pandemics—to improve pandemic preparedness and inform public policy. Its unique multidisciplinary focus bridges social science, public health, and history and seeks to deepen global understanding of pandemic impacts and responses. 

2. Research projects and funding applications

In 2025, PANSOC continued to advance its core research agenda:

  • Ongoing research from CRE (internal funding), MERIT, PANRISK, CorRisk and CAS projects (external funding) continued to yield new insights into socioeconomic determinants of pandemic outcomes and compliance with interventions. These externally funded projects form a backbone of PANSOC’s research inquiry and show that research continues even after project periods and funding have ended.
  • The team has continued to engage with funding bodies and high-profile research calls to sustain long-term, ambitious pandemic research programs internationally. This includes Mamelund being invited to Advanced Grant in 2024 (grade A and recommended funding).
  • Throughout the year, seminar series and collaborative research engagements extended PANSOC’s project network and created fertile ground for future funding proposals across Europe and beyond.
  • This includes a new stay at CAS for a Short Term Residential Fellowship in November and December 2025 to work on a New CAS-project: Indigenous Peoples & Pandemics: Data Completeness & Vaccine Access Disparities – Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society (PANSOC). This project was based on our 2022-23 stay at CAS doing research on Social Science Meets Biology | CAS.
  • Benjamin Schneider, prior post-doc at PANSOC got a Young FRIPRO Grant from the Research Council of Norway in 2025. The project, which Dr. Schneider developed when at PANSOC, will be based at the University of Oslo, but with a partner at the Work Research Institute at OsloMet, will study “Technological Change, Labor Representation, and Job Quality: A Comparative Historical Analysis, c. 1830—1980.”

3. Research team and institutional collaborations

PANSOC’s research team in 2025 consisted of senior researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and MA students (New incoming MA-student – Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society (PANSOC)) with diverse expertise spanning pandemic historiography, epidemiology, and social science. The Centre’s collaborative network includes academic partners from numerous universities and research centres across Europe, North America and Australia.

In 2025, a notable highlight for the Centre was the recognition received by Centre leader Svenn-Erik Mamelund, who was ranked among the top 0.05 % of lifetime scholars globally in the pandemic research field (highlighting the Centre’s research influence). He also continued to be listed among the Stanford/Elsevier top-2 % scientists in public health. 

Centre leader Mamelund was nominated name of the year in Academia in 2025 by the readers of the Newspaper Khrono. This is the third time Mamelund has been nominated for this prize. First times were in 2021 and 2020. In the latter instance he was one of three finalists.

Former PANSOC post-doc won 2nd prize in poster award at Heidelberg University Symposium – Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society (PANSOC)

4. Research outcomes and activities

Seminars and Knowledge Exchange

A key part of PANSOC’s activities in 2025 was its Pandemics & Society Seminar Series:

  • In Spring 2025, PANSOC hosted a wide range of seminars on topics including historical and contemporary pandemics, infectious disease dynamics, and methodological approaches to pandemic studies (6 webinars in total).
  • The Fall 2025 seminar series continued to showcase global scholarship on pandemic history, demography, and public health, including presentations on Black Death impacts, influenza history, and tuberculosis in colonial Africa (9 webinars in total).
  • The final seminar of 2025, held on 11 December, explored the concept of “kinship memory” after COVID-19, using demographic microsimulation to understand how the pandemic may be remembered by future generations.  

These seminar activities not only enriched PANSOC’s academic environment but also strengthened global networks and offered public access to cutting-edge research discussions.

Publications and Dissemination

PANSOC members continued peer-reviewed research outputs (18 articles, see below) and scholarly dissemination across journals and platforms. They also contributed to public discourse on pandemic preparedness and the historical context of infectious disease outbreaks.

Outreach and Visibility

5. Summary

In 2025, PANSOC upheld its mission to advance understanding of pandemics through multidisciplinary inquiry and global engagement. The Centre’s persistent seminar programming, research activities, and international collaborations reinforced its position in the academic and policy landscapes. Recognition of the Centre leader’s scholarly impact affirmed PANSOC’s contribution to pandemic studies internationally. Through continued research, outreach, and knowledge dissemination, PANSOC remains committed to generating socially relevant insights that advance pandemic preparedness and reduce societal vulnerabilities.

Master’s students finishing in 2025

Amal Hassan (2025): Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). A quantitative study of NPI adherence among immigrants and non-immigrants in Eastern Oslo, Norway, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.

Papers published in 2025

  1. Subedi, Raj Kumar; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Delgado, Iris; Matute, Isabel; Laborde, Carla Castillo; Joaquin-Damas, Elienai; Chowell, Gerardo (2025). Poverty and Ethnic Patterns in COVID-19 Excess Mortality: Evidence from Chile, 2020-2022. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaf274
  2. Dimka, Jessica L.; Schneider, Benjamin M.; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik (2025). A systematic review to understand the long-term mental health effects of influenza pandemics. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251391601
  3. Maia, Ana Sofia Monteiro; Pereira, Margarida Miguel Costeira e; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Amaro, Joana Maria Correia; Fraga, Sílvia Jesus da Silva; Leão, Teresa Isabel Costa (2025). “Be Mothers as if we Were not Workers, Be Workers as if we Were not Mothers”: A Qualitative Study on Parenthood’s Impact on Careers and Well-Being. Journal of Family Issues. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513×251400278
  4. Gerardo, Chowell; Hamed, Karami; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Alexandra, Smirnova (2025). Global excess tuberculosis mortality during COVID-19: a country-level modeling study of policy and development correlates, BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24858-8
  5. Correia, Amaro, Joana Maria; Costa, Leão, Teresa Isabel; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Sofia, Monteiro Maia, Ana; E., Pereira, Margarida Miguel Costeira; Alejandro, Perelman, Julian; Jesus, da Silva Fraga, Sílvia (2025). Balancing Work and Parenthood – A Comparative Analysis of Policies across European Countries. Journal of Child and Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-025-03194-w
  6. Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Zotcheva, Ekaterina; Bergh, Sverre; Gerritsen, Debby; Livingston, Gill; Lurås, Hilde; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Voshaar, Richard C. Oude; Selbæk, Geir (2025). Cognitive function, physical function, and mental health in older adults amid reduced primary and specialist healthcare service use during COVID-19: the HUNT study. GeroScience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01909-x
  7. Blinkova, Alexandra; U., Khakurel; G., Gaddy, H.; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik ; M., Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar (2025). Construction and curation of a data set of historical mental health incidence in Norway, Scientific Data. Vol. 12.
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05795-y
  8. Pereira, Margarida; Dimka, Jessica; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik (2025). The New Syndemic of Obesity and COVID-19 in Urban Areas. Hentilä, Helka-Liisa; Luusua, Aale; Rönkkö, Emilia; Sailo, Annukka; Suorsa, Anna (Red.). Pandemics and Urban Planning: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Cities, Planning and Disease. s. 161-178. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97348-2_10
  9. Adams, Mikaëla M.; Dimka, Jessica; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Sattenspiel, Lisa (2025). “I Would Advise That It Be Kept from the Schools at All Cost”: The Influenza of 1918–1920 at Nonreservation Indian Boarding Schools. Ethnohistory. Vol. 72.
    https://read.dukeupress.edu/ethnohistory/article/7
  10. Dunbar, Maria Bekker-Nielsen; Chowell, Gerardo; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik (2025). Inclusion of Deprivation in Endemic-Epidemic Models. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research. Vol. 23. https://doi.org/10.1553/p-4b4e-mkcd
  11. Sattenspiel, Lisa; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Dahal, Sushma; Wissler, Amanda; Chowell, Gerardo; Tinker-Fortel, Emma (2025). Death on the permafrost: revisiting the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Alaska using death certificates. American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 194. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwae173
  12. Mamelund, Svenn-Erik (2025). Fars Tale: Er Akademia en felle for arbeiderklassens barn?. Nossum, Rolf Tomas; Breen, Olav (Red.). s. 149-153. Agder Vitenskapsakademi.
  13. Delgado, Iris; Dahal, Sushma; Matute, Maria I.; Ramírez, Paola A. Rubilar; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Chowell, Gerardo (2025). Socioeconomic inequalities in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional analysis of income poverty. PLOS ONE. Vol. 20.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323409
  14. Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Zotcheva, Ekaterina; Bergh, Sverre; Gerritsen, Debby L.; Livingston, Gill; Lurås, Hilde; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Thingstad, Anne Pernille Mæhle; Voshaar, Richard C. Oude; Selbæk, Geir (2025). The role of social media in mitigating the long‐term impact of social isolation on mental and cognitive health in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic : the HUNT study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Vol. 40. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.70097
  15. Kakhurel, Uddhav; Sattenspiel, Lisa; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik (2025). Role of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions during 1918–1920 Influenza Pandemic, Alaska, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol. 31. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3107.241048
  16. Ibsen, Tanja Louise; Zotcheva, Ekaterina; Bergh, Sverre; Gerritsen, Debby L.; Livingston, Gill; Lurås, Hilde; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Rokstad, Anne Marie Mork; Strand, Bjørn Heine; Voshaar, Richard C. Oude; Selbæk, Geir (2025). A longitudinal cohort study on dispensed analgesic and psychotropic medications in older adults before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic : the HUNT study. BMC Geriatrics. Vol. 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05745-8
  17. Vibeke Narverud Nyborg (2025): The use of public health legislation during the 1918–1920 Influenza pandemic in Norway, Continuity & Change, vol 39(2),
  18. Diego A. Gentner-Polanco, María J. Ávila-Amezcua, Brandon G. Tapia-Hernández, Gerardo Chowell-Puente, Svenn-Erik Mamelund, Pedro C. Santana-Mancilla (2025): Design and evaluation of a balanced scorecard to measure the impact of COVID-19 on a Mexican higher education institution, Avances en Interacción Humano-Computadora, vol 9(1): 185-190,  https://doi.org/10.47756/aihc.y9i1.165