His mother’s dress: growth in the number of clothes

Lisbeth Løvbak Berg on 12. mai 2015

Ingun Grimstad Klepp and Kirsi Laitala.

Introduction

Eivind Stø likes a tell an illustrative story about his mother who went through World War II with only one dress due to rationing. Today women have many dresses; more than we can wear out in 5 years. Since 1990, Norway’s clothing imports have almost doubled (Statistics Norway, 2014) and we did not lack clothing in 1990. This chapter discusses what we know about this change. What do we know about the number of clothes in use? When did they multiply to such an extent? What sources and methods do we have to describe this growth? In general, growth should be a more central theme in the environmental debate, especially when it comes to clothing and other items where growth in numbers is completely decoupled from a corresponding increase in satisfaction. As long as we produce (and purchase) far more clothes than we need, quantity should be an essential theme.

Lifecycle thinking has little relevance when the cycle ignores use. To put it another way, without knowing anything about the amount we can hardly reach a future where production matches our need to be warm and beautiful. Nevertheless, there are a few relevant studies of this growth. We will use previous investigations of clothing consumption in Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, as well as material from SIFO’s projects on clothing consumption, where we have attempted to approach an understanding of the number of clothes that people possess.

This article is from the book in The Consumer in Society – A Tribute to Eivind Stø, edited by P. Strandbakken and J. Gronow.

Consumption Studies: The force of the ordinary

Lisbeth Løvbak Berg on 15. januar 2014

Ingun Grimstad Klepp and Kirsi Laitala

Abstract

Consumer research deals with the acquisition, use and disposal of goods and services. Our workplace, SIFO, the National Institute for Consumer Research in Norway, dates back to the 1930s, when home economics and testing of products were predominant. The work aimed at guiding consumers, at that time called housewives, through the ‘jungle’ of novel consumer goods. More recently, SIFO’s work combines social science and textile technology to study the social and technical aspects of consumption.

In this chapter, we ask: how can knowledge of clothing consumption contribute to the work on sustainable fashion? We will answer the question through examples from interdisciplinary projects on textiles at SIFO, as well as from consumer research. However, we will not give an overview of consumer research on clothes and sustainability. But first, an admission: fashion – the topic of this book – operates according to a different logic from our field of work. We would have posed the question differently: how can consumer research – and all the other fields of expertise covered in this book –contribute to more sustainable patterns of clothes production and consumption? Therefore, we also have to include a discussion of the concept of fashion.

This article is Chapter 12 in the book Routledge Handbook of Sustainability and Fashion, edited by Kate Fletcher and Mathilda Tham that you can find here (tandfonline.com).

Sustainable clothing design: use matters

Lisbeth Løvbak Berg on 24. august 2012

Kirsi Laitala and Casper Boks

Abstract

Many life cycle assessment studies document that the use period is the most resource-demanding phase during the clothing life cycle. In this paper, we discuss how design can help to reduce the environmental impacts of clothing. Motives behind clothing disposal, acquisition practices and maintenance habits are analysed based on two surveys, qualitative interviews of households, and examination of disposed clothing. The main reasons for clothing disposal were changes in garments, followed by size and fit issues, taste-related unsuitability, situational reasons, functional shortcomings and fashion or style changes. Several design solutions can enable the users to keep and use the clothes longer, and reduce the need for laundering, thus potentially decreasing the total environmental effects of clothing consumption.

Click here to read the full article (inderscienceonline.com).

Miljøbelastninger fra norsk fritidsforbruk – en kartlegging

Lisbeth Løvbak Berg on 3. januar 2007

John Hille, Carlo Aall og Ingun Grimstad Klepp

Sammendrag

For første gang er det internasjonalt gjort en identifisering av og sammenstilling av det samlede nasjonale fritidsforbruket. Omfanget av fritidsforbruk er målt i form av antall ”hendelser”, forbruk av tid og forbruk av kroner. Videre er det gjort beregninger av samlet direkte og indirekte energiforbruk, som igjen gjør det mulig å vurdere energiintensitet; dvs energiforbruk per time og per krone for de ulike kategoriene av fritidsforbruk. Det er gjort beregninger for i alt 35 kategorier av fritidsforbruk (Feriereiser; Besøk slekt/venner; Bibliotek; Museum; Teater/opera; Kino; Konserter; Kunstutstillinger; Temaparker o.l.; Badeland; Sirkus og tivoli; Restaurant/kafé; Friluftsliv; Lystkjøring / motorisert friluftsliv; Hytteturer; Treningssentre; Handarbeid og sløyd; Samleraktiviteter; Kjæledyr; Årstidsfester; Musikkutøvelse; Fotografering; Alle uspesifiserte ; Lesing; Tradisjonelle spill; Fjernsyn og radio; Lyd- og bildeapparat; Datamaskin/internett; Religiøse organisasjoner; Annen organisasjonsvirksomhet; Idrett som deltaker; Idrett som tilskuer). De tre kategorier fritidsaktiviteter med samlet sett størst energiforbruk er (1) feriereiser, (2) besøke slekt og venner, og (3) moderne hjemmeunderholdning (PC, DVD, fjernsyn osv).

Klikk her for å lese hele rapporten (vestforsk.no).

Hvorfor går klær ut av bruk? Avhending sett i forhold til kvinners klesvaner

ingridha on 24. juni 2001

Ingun Grimstad Klepp

Sammendrag

Denne rapporten handler om hvorfor kvinner slutter å bruke klær og ønsker å kvitte seg med dem. Årsakene til avhending diskuteres i forhold til kvinnenes klesvaner. Klesvaner er både hvordan vi kler oss, og hva vi tenker om dette. Spørsmålet stilles med bakgrunn i et ønske om et mer bærekraftig tekstilforbruk. Tekstiler er forurensende både i produksjon, transport og som søppel. I 1998 kastet vi i Norge til sammen 110 000 tonn tekstiler. Av dette kom 75% fra husholdningene. Hver og en av oss kastet gjennomsnittlig 19,7 kg tekstiler dette året, av dette var ca 11,2 kg klær. I følge Statistisk sentralbyrå blir bare 7% av tekstilene gjenbrukt eller resirkulert.

Klikk her for å lese hele rapporten (oda.oslomet.no)